Sustainable Agricultural Production and the Advancement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Introduction to Ecologically-Based Production Systems

Ecologically-based production systems have emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional agriculture by eliminating the use of non-renewable external inputs. These systems mitigate environmental degradation and contribute positively to social and economic dimensions, aligning with multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).

Growth and Market Dynamics of Organic Production

1. Global Scale: In 2019, organic production systems encompassed 72.3 million hectares worldwide, generating market values approximating 106 billion euros. This growth supports SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by fostering sustainable economic activities.
2. Brazilian Context: Brazil’s organic farming area covers 1.3 million hectares. Between 2017 and 2019, consumption of organic products increased by 4%, as reported by the Association for the Promotion of Organics (Organis), reflecting rising consumer awareness and demand aligned with SDG 12.
3. Certification Growth: Data from the IBGE Agricultural Census (2006-2017) indicate a significant increase in agricultural establishments with Organic Production Certification in Brazil, expanding over 1,000% from 5,106 to 68,716. This expansion supports SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) through enhanced agricultural innovation and infrastructure.

Challenges and Technological Innovation in Agroecological Systems

• Obstacles to Expansion: Despite growth, challenges persist in increasing organic systems and agroecological transitions. Key barriers include the need for new knowledge generation and technology development.
• Role of Technological Solutions: Addressing these challenges requires targeted efforts to generate and improve technological solutions for agroecological and organic food production systems, directly contributing to SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Conclusion

The expansion of ecologically-based and organic agricultural systems plays a critical role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals by promoting environmental sustainability, economic growth, and social well-being. Continued investment in research, technology dissemination, and consumer engagement is essential to overcome existing barriers and ensure the sustainable development of the agricultural sector globally and in Brazil.

1. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Addressed or Connected

1. SDG 2: Zero Hunger – The article discusses sustainable agriculture and organic production systems, which are directly related to ensuring food security and promoting sustainable agriculture.
2. SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production – The growing demand for organic products and the emphasis on eliminating non-renewable inputs relate to sustainable consumption and production patterns.
3. SDG 15: Life on Land – The promotion of ecologically-based production systems supports the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and combats land degradation.
4. SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure – The article highlights the need for generation and dissemination of new knowledge and technologies in agroecological production systems.

2. Specific Targets Under Those SDGs

1. SDG 2 Targets:
   • Target 2.4: By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production.
2. SDG 12 Targets:
   • Target 12.2: By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources.
   • Target 12.8: By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature.
3. SDG 15 Targets:
   • Target 15.3: By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods.
4. SDG 9 Targets:
   • Target 9.5: Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors, including agriculture.

3. Indicators Mentioned or Implied to Measure Progress

1. Indicator for SDG 2.4:
   • Area of land under organic or agroecological production systems (e.g., 72.3 million hectares globally, 1.3 million hectares in Brazil).
2. Indicator for SDG 12.8:
   • Increase in consumer demand for organic products (e.g., 4% increase in consumption between 2017 and 2019).
3. Indicator for SDG 9.5:
   • Number of agricultural establishments with Organic Production Certification (e.g., growth from 5,106 to 68,716 in Brazil between 2006 and 2017).
4. Indicator for SDG 15.3:
   • Extent of land under sustainable management practices that prevent degradation (implied through the promotion of ecologically-based production systems).

4. Table: SDGs, Targets and Indicators

Source: embrapa.br