Report on Groundwater Pollution Risk from Sea Level Rise in California

Overview

Accelerating sea level rise has resulted in an increase in shallow fresh groundwater levels along California’s coast, posing significant risks to water supplies due to potential exposure to pollution. This report summarizes recent scientific findings that assess these risks using advanced technologies, with a focus on aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).

Research Methodology and Findings

Researchers from California State University, Long Beach, employed deep learning and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models to evaluate the risk of groundwater contamination caused by rising sea levels. Unlike traditional AI models, XAI provides transparency by explaining the decision-making process, enhancing trust and applicability in environmental risk assessments.

• Advanced AI technology was used to identify areas at risk of groundwater pollution due to sea level rise.
• Projections estimate that by 2100, approximately 500,000 Californians may live in regions where groundwater contamination is likely.
• Vulnerable populations, including communities of color and lower-income groups, are disproportionately affected, raising concerns related to SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being).

Importance of the Study

The study, titled “Assessing risk of groundwater pollution exposure from sea level rise in California,” was published in the peer-reviewed journal Science of the Total Environment. It introduces innovative methods to identify vulnerable communities and the factors contributing to pollution risk, offering a scalable approach for global application that supports SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).

Contextual Climate Data

1. The 2023 State of the Climate report by the American Meteorological Society confirmed a record high in sea levels, marking the 12th consecutive year of rise.
2. Glacier melt continued in 2024, the warmest year on record globally, underscoring the urgency of climate action (SDG 13).
3. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data projects a possible sea level rise of one foot in the San Francisco Bay Area by 2025.
4. Local authorities, such as Marin County officials, are actively urging residents to prepare for these environmental changes.

Actions and Recommendations

Addressing the risks posed by rising sea levels requires integrated strategies that align with multiple SDGs:

• Mitigation of Climate Change (SDG 13): Reducing carbon emissions by transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is critical.
• Enhancing Resilience of Coastal Communities (SDG 11): Implementing infrastructure and community preparedness plans to manage storm surges and flooding.
• Promoting Sustainable Consumption (SDG 12): Encouraging household actions such as upgrading to energy-efficient LED lighting, unplugging unused devices, and adopting induction cooking to reduce energy consumption.
• Improving Public Health and Safety (SDG 3): Monitoring and managing groundwater quality to prevent pollution-related health risks.

Conclusion

Rising sea levels pose a significant threat to groundwater quality and public health in California’s coastal regions. The application of explainable AI models provides valuable insights to identify and protect vulnerable populations, supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals related to clean water, climate action, and equitable communities. Continued research, policy action, and community engagement are essential to mitigate these risks and promote sustainable development.

1. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Addressed or Connected

1. SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation – The article discusses risks to groundwater quality and contamination, directly relating to ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation.
2. SDG 13: Climate Action – The article highlights sea level rise due to climate change, extreme weather events, and the need to reduce carbon pollution.
3. SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities – The impact on coastal communities, especially vulnerable populations, connects to making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
4. SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being – The contamination of groundwater poses health risks, affecting the well-being of communities.
5. SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities – The article notes that communities of color and lower-income populations are disproportionately affected.

2. Specific Targets Under Those SDGs

1. SDG 6
   • Target 6.1: Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water.
   • Target 6.3: Improve water quality by reducing pollution and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals.
2. SDG 13
   • Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters.
   • Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into policies and planning.
3. SDG 11
   • Target 11.5: Reduce the number of deaths and people affected by disasters, including water-related disasters.
4. SDG 3
   • Target 3.9: Reduce illnesses and deaths from hazardous chemicals and pollution.
5. SDG 10
   • Target 10.2: Empower and promote social, economic and political inclusion of all.

3. Indicators Mentioned or Implied to Measure Progress

1. Groundwater contamination risk assessment – Use of AI and XAI models to identify areas at risk and vulnerable populations implies an indicator measuring the extent and severity of groundwater pollution.
2. Population affected by groundwater contamination – The projection of approximately 500,000 people at risk by 2100 can be used as an indicator to track changes in exposure over time.
3. Sea level rise measurements – Data from NOAA and climate reports indicating sea level rise (e.g., one foot rise by 2025 in San Francisco Bay Area) serve as indicators of climate impact.
4. Health impact data – Although not explicitly stated, monitoring health outcomes in affected communities would be an implied indicator under SDG 3.
5. Carbon pollution levels and renewable energy adoption – The article’s emphasis on reducing carbon pollution and switching to renewable energy suggests indicators related to greenhouse gas emissions and energy sources.

4. Table of SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

Source: thecooldown.com