Syria’s Tourism Revival: Leveraging Heritage and Natural Beauty for Sustainable Development

Date: Tuesday, July 1, 2025

Introduction

Following over a decade of conflict, Syria is initiating a comprehensive recovery of its tourism sector, positioning it as a vital component of economic revitalization. With the easing of international sanctions, the Syrian government is prioritizing investments in heritage restoration and the sustainable development of natural landscapes to attract global travelers. This strategic focus aligns with multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 15 (Life on Land), aiming to foster a resilient and inclusive tourism industry.

Prewar Tourism Landscape

Before the civil war, Syria was a prominent tourist destination in the Middle East, welcoming over 8.5 million visitors in 2010 and generating approximately $6.3 billion in revenue. The country’s rich cultural heritage, ancient ruins, and diverse landscapes contributed significantly to its tourism appeal. The government’s current efforts to restore this sector seek to revive economic opportunities and contribute to SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by creating jobs and promoting equitable growth.

Heritage Tourism as a Pillar of Recovery

Syria’s unparalleled cultural heritage sites are central to its tourism revival strategy. Restoration projects focus on internationally recognized landmarks such as Palmyra, the Citadel of Aleppo, and Krak des Chevaliers. These efforts not only preserve historical assets but also support SDG 4 (Quality Education) through archaeological research and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) by fostering cultural understanding and peacebuilding.

1. Palmyra’s Restoration: Collaborative restoration led by foreign and local experts aims to reopen this archaeological site to international tourists.
2. Aleppo and Krak des Chevaliers: Rehabilitation of these historic sites will enhance their role as major attractions, promoting cultural tourism.

Eco-Tourism: Unlocking Natural Potential

In addition to heritage tourism, Syria is developing eco-tourism initiatives that emphasize environmental sustainability and community engagement, supporting SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). The Mediterranean coastline, mountainous regions, and nature reserves offer opportunities for eco-friendly travel experiences.

• Latakia’s Natural Environment: Pristine beaches and coastal forests attract eco-tourists seeking sustainable nature-based activities.
• Damascus Mountain Regions: Local communities provide hiking tours and family-run guesthouses, promoting authentic and sustainable tourism.

Investment and Infrastructure Development

The easing of sanctions by the U.S. and EU has opened avenues for international investment in Syria’s tourism infrastructure, crucial for enhancing accessibility and service quality. These developments align with SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), fostering global cooperation and sustainable economic growth.

1. Improved Connectivity: The return of international airlines such as SunExpress will facilitate easier access to Syria’s tourism destinations.
2. Infrastructure Enhancement: Upgrades in transportation, accommodation, and services are underway to meet international standards and visitor expectations.

Role of Local Communities

Local communities are integral to Syria’s sustainable tourism development, actively participating in cultural promotion and eco-tourism initiatives. Their involvement supports SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by creating inclusive economic opportunities and preserving cultural identity.

• Community-driven Tourism Initiatives: Authentic experiences including cultural events and guided nature tours are led by local residents.
• Local Economic Growth: Community participation fosters sustainable development and strengthens the tourism sector’s resilience.

Challenges and Future Outlook

Despite positive momentum, Syria faces challenges including damaged infrastructure and security concerns that impact tourism growth. Continued investment and restoration efforts are essential to overcome these obstacles and fully realize Syria’s tourism potential. The sustainable development of the sector will contribute to multiple SDGs by promoting economic recovery, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion.

Conclusion

Syria’s tourism sector holds significant potential to drive sustainable economic growth by capitalizing on its rich cultural heritage and natural landscapes. Through strategic investments in heritage restoration, eco-tourism, infrastructure, and community engagement, Syria is poised to rebuild a resilient tourism industry that supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and offers long-term benefits to its people and the global community.

1. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Addressed or Connected

1. SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
   • The article discusses Syria’s tourism sector as a key pillar of economic recovery and job creation post-conflict.
2. SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
   • Focus on heritage restoration of cultural sites like Palmyra, Aleppo, and Krak des Chevaliers supports sustainable urban and cultural development.
3. SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
   • Promotion of eco-tourism and sustainable travel practices in natural areas like Latakia and Damascus regions.
4. SDG 15: Life on Land
   • Conservation and sustainable use of natural landscapes and biodiversity through eco-tourism initiatives.
5. SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals
   • International cooperation and foreign archaeological missions working alongside local teams for heritage restoration.
   • Foreign investment and easing of sanctions facilitating infrastructure and tourism sector growth.

2. Specific Targets Under Those SDGs Identified

1. SDG 8 – Target 8.9: Promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products.
   • Article highlights tourism as a driver for economic recovery and job creation.
2. SDG 11 – Target 11.4: Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage.
   • Restoration of heritage sites such as Palmyra, Aleppo, and Krak des Chevaliers.
3. SDG 12 – Target 12.b: Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable tourism.
   • Promotion of eco-tourism and sustainable travel experiences.
4. SDG 15 – Target 15.1: Ensure conservation, restoration, and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.
   • Eco-tourism initiatives in natural reserves and mountainous regions supporting biodiversity and ecosystem conservation.
5. SDG 17 – Target 17.16 & 17.17: Enhance global partnerships and encourage effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships.
   • Collaboration between foreign experts and local teams for heritage restoration.
   • International investments and partnerships to rebuild tourism infrastructure.

3. Indicators Mentioned or Implied to Measure Progress

1. Tourism Visitor Numbers and Revenue
   • Prewar data cited: 8.5 million visitors and $6.3 billion revenue (2010) as a benchmark to measure recovery progress.
2. Restoration Status of Heritage Sites
   • Progress in restoration of Palmyra, Aleppo, and Krak des Chevaliers as indicators of cultural heritage preservation.
3. Eco-tourism Development Metrics
   • Number of eco-tourism activities, such as hiking tours and stays in family-run guesthouses, indicating sustainable tourism growth.
4. Infrastructure and Connectivity Improvements
   • Return and expansion of international airline routes (e.g., SunExpress) as a measure of improved accessibility.
   • Development of accommodations and transport infrastructure.
5. Community Engagement and Local Economic Benefits
   • Growth in community-driven tourism initiatives and local investment reflecting inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

4. Table of SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

Source: travelandtourworld.com