Epidemiological update – Cholera in the Region of the Americas – 26 April 2024 – Haiti
Epidemiological update - Cholera in the Region of the Americas - 26 April 2024 - Haiti ReliefWeb
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Situation Summary
In October 2022, after three years with no confirmed cases of cholera, Haitian health authorities reported confirmed cases of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. Since then, in the Region of the Americas, cases have been reported in both Haiti and the Dominican Republic (1-4).
Since the last Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization (PAHO / WHO) cholera epidemiological update (5), Brazil has reported a confirmed case of cholera (6).
Brazil’s Cholera Case
On 17 April 2024, the Brazil IHR National Focal Point (NFP) reported a case of autochthonous cholera in the municipality of Salvador, Bahia State. The case corresponds to a 60-year-old male, who developed abdominal discomfort and watery diarrhea on 19 March 2024. The case had no history of travel to countries with confirmed cases and no history of contact with suspected or confirmed cases of cholera. On 28 March 2024, the case sought medical attention and a stool specimen was collected and tested positive for Vibrio cholerae on 31 March. The sample was sent for analysis to the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), National Reference Laboratory. On 3 April, the case was discharged from the hospital following a favorable evolution. On 16 April, Fiocruz confirmed the identification of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 Ogawa. As of 3 April, the case remained hospitalized with favorable evolution (6, 7).
During contact follow-up, an asymptomatic close contact was identified, and a sample was collected on 17 April 2024. The sample was positive for V. cholerae and identification of the serotype and toxigenicity is pending. Other follow-up contacts have tested negative for V. cholerae. To date, the infection’s origin has not been identified, and the epidemiological investigation is being continued by the country’s health authorities. This is the first autochthonous case of cholera reported in Brazil since 2005 (6, 7).
Haiti’s Cholera Cases
In Haiti, between 2 October 2022 and 11 April 2024, the Haitian Ministry of Public Health and Population (MSPP per its acronym in French) reported a total of 82,885 suspected cases (Figure 1) in the country’s ten departments, including 4,836 confirmed cases, 80,436 hospitalized suspected cases, and 1,270 reported deaths.1 The case fatality rate among suspected cases is 1.5% (institutional case fatality rate of 1.2%) (3, 8).
Among a total of 14,980 samples tested by the National Public Health Laboratory of Haiti, 4,836 were confirmed (positivity rate of 32.3%) (3, 8).
SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
| SDGs | Targets | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being | 3.3: By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases, and other communicable diseases | – Number of confirmed cases of Vibrio cholerae O1 – Number of reported cases of cholera in Haiti and the Dominican Republic – Number of confirmed cases of cholera in Brazil |
| SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation | 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all | – Number of suspected cases of cholera in Haiti – Number of confirmed cases of cholera in Haiti – Number of hospitalized suspected cases of cholera in Haiti – Number of reported deaths from cholera in Haiti – Positivity rate of cholera cases in Haiti |
1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
The article discusses the confirmed cases of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Brazil. These cases are related to water-borne diseases and communicable diseases, which are targeted by SDG 3.
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
The article highlights the suspected and confirmed cases of cholera in Haiti, which is directly related to the availability of clean water and sanitation. SDG 6 aims to achieve universal access to safe and affordable drinking water, making it relevant to the issues discussed in the article.
2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?
Target 3.3: By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases, and other communicable diseases
The article addresses the need to combat water-borne diseases like cholera, which falls under Target 3.3 of SDG 3.
Target 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
The article highlights the importance of safe drinking water in preventing cholera outbreaks, aligning with Target 6.1 of SDG 6.
3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?
The following indicators can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets:
- Number of confirmed cases of Vibrio cholerae O1
- Number of reported cases of cholera in Haiti and the Dominican Republic
- Number of confirmed cases of cholera in Brazil
- Number of suspected cases of cholera in Haiti
- Number of confirmed cases of cholera in Haiti
- Number of hospitalized suspected cases of cholera in Haiti
- Number of reported deaths from cholera in Haiti
- Positivity rate of cholera cases in Haiti
These indicators can be used to track the progress in ending the epidemics of water-borne diseases like cholera and achieving universal access to safe drinking water.
4. Table: SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
| SDGs | Targets | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being | 3.3: By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases, and other communicable diseases | – Number of confirmed cases of Vibrio cholerae O1 – Number of reported cases of cholera in Haiti and the Dominican Republic – Number of confirmed cases of cholera in Brazil |
| SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation | 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all | – Number of suspected cases of cholera in Haiti – Number of confirmed cases of cholera in Haiti – Number of hospitalized suspected cases of cholera in Haiti – Number of reported deaths from cholera in Haiti – Positivity rate of cholera cases in Haiti |
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Fuente: reliefweb.int
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