Extracting a Clean Fuel From Water – A Groundbreaking Low-Cost Catalyst

A new catalyst reduces the expense associated with generating environmentally sustainable hydrogen from water.

A plentiful supply of clean energy is lurking in plain sight. It’s the hydrogen that can be extracted from water (H₂O) using renewable energy. Researchers are on the hunt for cost-effective strategies to generate clean hydrogen from water, with an aim to displace fossil fuels and battle climate change.

Hydrogen is a potent source of power for vehicles, emitting nothing more than water. It also plays a crucial role in several industrial processes, particularly in the production of steel and ammonia. The use of cleaner hydrogen in these industries would be extremely beneficial.

Developing a Low-Cost Catalyst for Clean Hydrogen Production

A multi-institutional team led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory has developed a low-cost catalyst for a process that yields clean hydrogen from water. Other contributors include DOE’s Sandia National Laboratories and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, as well as Giner Inc.

“A process called electrolysis produces hydrogen and oxygen from water and has been around for more than a century,” said Di-Jia Liu, senior chemist at Argonne. He also holds a joint appointment in the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago.

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers represent a new generation of technology for this process. They can split water into hydrogen and oxygen with higher efficiency at near room temperature. The reduced energy demand makes them an ideal choice for producing clean hydrogen by using renewable but intermittent sources, such as solar and wind.

Achieving Cost Reduction with Cobalt-Based Catalyst

This electrolyzer runs with separate catalysts for each of its electrodes (cathode and anode). The cathode catalyst yields hydrogen, while the anode catalyst forms oxygen. A problem is that the anode catalyst uses iridium, which has a current market price of around $5,000 per ounce. The lack of supply and high cost of iridium pose a major barrier to the widespread adoption of PEM electrolyzers.

The main ingredient in the new catalyst is cobalt, which is substantially cheaper than iridium. “We sought to develop a low-cost anode catalyst in a PEM electrolyzer that generates hydrogen at high throughput while consuming minimal energy,” Liu said. “By using the cobalt-based catalyst prepared by our method, one could remove the main bottleneck of cost to producing clean hydrogen in an electrolyzer.”

Advancing Catalyst Performance through Research and Development

Giner Inc., a leading research and development company working toward the commercialization of electrolyzers and fuel cells, evaluated the new catalyst using its PEM electrolyzer test stations under industrial operating conditions. The performance and durability far exceeded that of competitors’ catalysts.

Important to further advancing the catalyst performance is understanding the reaction mechanism at the atomic scale under electrolyzer operating conditions. The team deciphered critical structural changes that occur in the catalyst under operating conditions by using X-ray analyses at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne. They also identified key catalyst features using electron microscopy at Sandia Labs and at Argonne’s Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM). The APS and CNM are both DOE Office of Science user facilities.

“We imaged the atomic structure on the surface of the new catalyst at various stages of preparation,” said Jianguo Wen, an Argonne materials scientist.

In addition, computational modeling at Berkeley Lab revealed important insights into the catalyst’s durability under reaction conditions.

Contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals

The team’s achievement is a step forward in DOE’s Hydrogen Energy Earthshot initiative, which mimics the U.S. space program’s ​“Moon Shot” of the 1960s. Its ambitious goal is to lower the cost of green hydrogen production to one dollar per kilogram in a decade. Production of green hydrogen at that cost could reshape the nation’s economy. Applications include the electric grid, manufacturing, transportation, and residential and commercial heating.

“More generally, our results establish a promising path forward in replacing catalysts made from expensive precious metals with elements that are much less expensive and more abundant,” Liu noted.

Conclusion

The development of a low-cost catalyst for clean hydrogen production from water represents a significant advancement in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By reducing the expense associated with generating environmentally sustainable hydrogen, this innovation contributes to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). It also has the potential to transform various industries and sectors, supporting SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).

Reference: “La- and Mn-doped cobalt spinel oxygen evolution catalyst for proton exchange membrane electrolysis” by Lina Chong, Guoping Gao, Jianguo Wen, Haixia Li, Haiping Xu, Zach Green, Joshua D. Sugar, A. Jeremy Kropf, Wenqian Xu, Xiao-Min Lin, Hui Xu, Lin-Wang Wang and Di-Jia Liu, 11 May 2023, Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.ade1499

The research was supported by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, as well as by Argonne Laboratory Directed Research and Development funding.

SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?

• SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
• SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
• SDG 13: Climate Action

The article discusses the development of a low-cost catalyst for generating clean hydrogen from water. This is directly connected to SDG 7, which aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. It also relates to SDG 9, which focuses on promoting sustainable industrialization and fostering innovation. Additionally, the use of clean hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels contributes to SDG 13, which aims to combat climate change and its impacts.

2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?

• Target 7.2: Increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.
• Target 9.4: Upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable.
• Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning.

The development of a low-cost catalyst for clean hydrogen production aligns with Target 7.2, as it contributes to increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. It also supports Target 9.4 by promoting sustainable industrial practices through the use of clean hydrogen. Furthermore, the adoption of clean hydrogen as an alternative fuel helps integrate climate change measures into national policies and strategies, as stated in Target 13.2.

3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?

• Indicator 7.2.1: Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption.
• Indicator 9.4.1: CO2 emissions per unit of value added in manufacturing industries.
• Indicator 13.2.1: Number of countries that have communicated their long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies.

The article does not explicitly mention specific indicators. However, progress towards the identified targets can be measured using indicators such as the renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption (Indicator 7.2.1), CO2 emissions per unit of value added in manufacturing industries (Indicator 9.4.1), and the number of countries that have communicated their long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (Indicator 13.2.1).

SDGs, Targets, and Indicators Table

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Source: scitechdaily.com

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