Gender Differences in ADHD and Their Clinical Implications

CATEGORY 1 CME

Premiere Date: July 20, 2023

Expiration Date: January 20, 2025

This activity offers CE credits for:

1. Physicians (CME)
2. Other

All other clinicians either will receive a CME Attendance Certificate or may choose any of the types of CE credit being offered.

ACTIVITY GOAL

The goal of this activity is to inform the reader of the full continuum of presentations and variable trajectories typical of females with ADHD and the factors that contribute to the misdiagnosis of females with underlying ADHD.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Increase diagnostic accuracy through greater familiarity with the full continuum of presentations and variable trajectories typical of females with ADHD.
2. Achieve earlier identification by utilizing more inclusive evaluations that assess the internalizing symptoms and functional impairments typical of females with ADHD.
3. Become better attuned to the factors that contribute to the misdiagnosis of females with underlying ADHD.

TARGET AUDIENCE

This accredited continuing education (CE) activity is intended for psychiatrists, psychologists, primary care physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and other health care professionals who seek to improve their care for patients with mental health disorders.

ACCREDITATION/CREDIT DESIGNATION/FINANCIAL SUPPORT

This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of Physicians’ Education Resource®, LLC, and Psychiatric Times®. Physicians’ Education Resource®, LLC, is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Physicians’ Education Resource®, LLC, designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

This activity is funded entirely by Physicians’ Education Resource®, LLC. No commercial support was received.

OFF-LABEL DISCLOSURE/DISCLAIMER

This accredited CE activity may or may not discuss investigational, unapproved, or off-label use of drugs. Participants are advised to consult prescribing information for any products discussed. The information provided in this accredited CE activity is for continuing medical education purposes only and is not meant to substitute for the independent clinical judgment of a physician relative to diagnostic or treatment options for a specific patient’s medical condition. The opinions expressed in the content are solely those of the individual faculty members and do not reflect those of Physicians’ Education Resource®, LLC.

FACULTY, STAFF, AND PLANNERS’ DISCLOSURES AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST (COI) MITIGATION

None of the staff of Physicians’ Education Resource®, LLC; Psychiatric Times; or the planners or the authors of this educational activity have relevant financial relationship(s) to disclose with ineligible companies whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, reselling, or distributing health care products used by or on patients.

For content-related questions, email us at PTEditor@mmhgroup.com. For questions concerning the accreditation of this CME activity or how to claim credit, please contact info@gotoper.com and include “Gender Differences in ADHD and Their Clinical Implications” in the subject line.

HOW TO CLAIM CREDIT

Once you have read the article, please use the following URL to evaluate and request credit: https://education.gotoper.com/activity/ptcme23jul. If you do not already have an account with PER®, you will be prompted to create one. You must have an account to evaluate and request credit for this activity.

FACULTY, STAFF, AND PLANNERS’ DISCLOSURES

The authors, Howard L. Forman, MD (external peer reviewer); and the staff members of Physicians’ Education Resource®, LLC; and of Psychiatric Times have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests.

In the case of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), diagnostic criteria are presumed to pertain to girls and women as accurately as they do to boys and men. The lower prevalence of girls has been understood as evidence that more boys than girls have ADHD. However, population studies reveal that men and women are now almost as likely to be diagnosed,¹ suggesting that the lower prevalence of girls may not simply be attributable to a sex difference.

Prevalence

ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in boys than it is in girls, with greater prevalence noted in clinical versus population samples. The current child prevalence ratio of about 2:1 in population samples indicates that girls are half as likely as boys to receive this diagnosis.² There is significant support for the theory that girls are underrecognized, understudied, and underdiagnosed. Predominantly inattentive symptoms

SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being

• Target 3.4: By 2030, reduce by one-third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being.
• Indicator 3.4.1: Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease.

SDG 5: Gender Equality

• Target 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.
• Indicator 5.1.1: Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce, and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex.

SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities

• Target 10.2: By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic, and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status.
• Indicator 10.2.1: Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income, disaggregated by sex, age, employment status, and geographical location.

SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

• Target 16.2: End abuse, exploitation, trafficking, and all forms of violence against and torture of children.
• Indicator 16.2.3: Proportion of young women and men aged 18-29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18.

SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals

• Target 17.17: Encourage and promote effective public, public-private, and civil society partnerships, building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships.
• Indicator 17.17.1: Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private and civil society partnerships.

Behold! This splendid article springs forth from the wellspring of knowledge, shaped by a wondrous proprietary AI technology that delved into a vast ocean of data, illuminating the path towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Remember that all rights are reserved by SDG Investors LLC, empowering us to champion progress together.

Source: psychiatrictimes.com

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