Global mitigation strategies, led by China, reverse air pollution trends
Global mitigation strategies, led by China, reverse air pollution trends New Atlas
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Study Shows Decrease in Air Pollution Exposure and its Health Effects
While there may be a lot to worry about when it comes to climate change, a new study has found that we’re doing something right when it comes to air pollution. An analysis of global data has found that exposure to fine particulate matter, a leading environmental health risk, has fallen.
Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and its Impact
Exposure to fine particulate matter, called PM2.5 because its particles are 2.5 micrometers or smaller, is responsible for millions of premature deaths, reduced life expectancy, and social costs globally. According to research, nearly half of global PM2.5-attributable deaths are due to traditional sources of air pollution, such as fossil and solid biofuel combustion, which can be mitigated.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Mitigation Strategies
And some countries have employed strategies to mitigate the production of PM2.5. But have they been effective? Researchers led by Washington University in St. Louis analyzed data from 1998 to 2019 to see how the world was faring regarding PM2.5 exposure and its effects. The results are promising.
Global Trends in PM2.5 Exposure
“The importance of PM2.5 as a leading risk factor for human health motivates assessment of its long-term changes,” said Randall Martin, one of the study’s co-authors. “We sought to analyze our satellite-derived PM2.5 estimates for insight into global and regional changes in PM2.5 exposure and its health effects.”
The researchers’ analysis showed that global, population-weighted PM2.5 exposure, related to both pollution levels and population size, increased from 1998 to a peak in 2011, before steadily decreasing from 2011 to 2019.
“Before this work, there was a knowledge gap regarding quantitative local/regional contributions to global population exposure to PM2.5 and its changes,” said Chi Li, lead author of the study. “We developed a new regional decomposition approach that jointly considered pollution level and population size, and from that, we depicted the first-ever time series of regional contributions to global PM2.5 air pollution.”
Regional Changes in PM2.5 Exposure
The researchers found that, overall, there has been a reversal in the pre-2011 PM2.5 increase. Before 2011, significant growth in PM2.5 exposure occurred widely, mainly in Asia, Africa, and South America. But between 2011 and 2019, more areas of the world showed significant decreases, including Europe, the Asia Pacific, Southeast Asia, Russia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and, most notably, China.
Li et al./Washington University in St. Louis
China’s Contribution to the Global Reversal
“Rigorous air quality management in China, which has been most pronounced since
SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?
- SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
- SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
- SDG 13: Climate Action
2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?
- SDG 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination.
- SDG 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management.
- SDG 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning.
3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?
- PM2.5 exposure levels: The article discusses the analysis of global data on PM2.5 exposure from 1998 to 2019, indicating a decrease in exposure over time. This can be used as an indicator to measure progress towards reducing deaths and illnesses from air pollution (SDG 3.9) and improving air quality in cities (SDG 11.6).
- PM2.5-related deaths: The article mentions a stagnation in global PM2.5-related deaths due to the downward trend in pollution exposure. The reduction in PM2.5 exposure contributed to delaying 2.65 million deaths. This can be used as an indicator to measure progress towards reducing deaths and illnesses from air pollution (SDG 3.9).
Table: SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
| SDGs | Targets | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being | Target 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination. | – PM2.5 exposure levels – PM2.5-related deaths |
| SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities | Target 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management. | – PM2.5 exposure levels |
| SDG 13: Climate Action | Target 13.2: Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies, and planning. | N/A |
Behold! This splendid article springs forth from the wellspring of knowledge, shaped by a wondrous proprietary AI technology that delved into a vast ocean of data, illuminating the path towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Remember that all rights are reserved by SDG Investors LLC, empowering us to champion progress together.
Source: newatlas.com
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