Air pollution levels have improved in Europe over 20 years, say researchers
Air pollution levels have improved in Europe over 20 years, say researchers The Guardian
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Air Pollution Levels in Europe: A Sustainable Development Goals Perspective
Introduction
This report examines the air pollution levels in Europe over the past 20 years, with a particular focus on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite improvements, a significant portion of the European population continues to live in areas with unhealthy levels of air pollution, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Key Findings
- About 98% of Europeans live in areas with unhealthy levels of PM2.5 particles.
- 80% of Europeans live in areas with unhealthy levels of PM10 particles.
- 86% of Europeans live in areas with unhealthy levels of nitrogen dioxide.
Research Methodology
The study, conducted by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), analyzed pollution levels in more than 1,400 regions across 35 European countries, representing a total population of 543 million people.
Implications for Sustainable Development Goals
The findings highlight the need for targeted efforts to address PM2.5 and ozone levels, as well as associated air pollution events. This is especially important in the context of rapidly increasing threats from climate change in Europe. Achieving SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) requires significant improvements in air quality to reduce the health risks associated with air pollution.
Results and Trends
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, reveals a decrease in overall suspended particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in most parts of Europe. The annual decreases were as follows:
- PM10: 2.72%
- PM2.5: 2.45%
- NO2: 1.72%
Health Impacts
PM2.5 and PM10 particles, which can penetrate deep into the lungs, have been linked to various health problems including heart disease, cancer, and premature births. It is estimated that air pollution-related deaths exceed 400,000 per year in Europe. Meeting the WHO guidelines for air quality could prevent more than 200,000 premature deaths annually.
Policy Recommendations
The study authors emphasize the importance of air quality management and public health concerns across Europe. Measures such as low-emissions zones for vehicles and reducing reliance on coal-fired stoves have shown positive results in some European cities and countries. EU directives on industrial emissions have also contributed to pollution reduction.
Regional Disparities
Despite overall improvements, certain regions in Europe still experience high levels of air pollution. PM2.5 and PM10 levels were highest in northern Italy and eastern Europe, while high NO2 levels were recorded in northern Italy and some areas of western Europe, including the south of the UK, Belgium, and the Netherlands. These hotspots require targeted interventions to protect public health.
SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
-
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
- Target 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination.
- Indicator: Levels of air pollution and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in European regions.
-
SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
- Target 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management.
- Indicator: Percentage of European population living in areas exceeding recommended levels of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide).
-
SDG 13: Climate Action
- Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries.
- Indicator: Compound air pollution events and associated unclean days in Europe.
Table: SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
| SDGs | Targets | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being | Target 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination. | Levels of air pollution and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in European regions. |
| SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities | Target 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management. | Percentage of European population living in areas exceeding recommended levels of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide). |
| SDG 13: Climate Action | Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries. | Compound air pollution events and associated unclean days in Europe. |
Analysis
1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?
The issues highlighted in the article are connected to SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?
Based on the article’s content, the specific targets identified are:
– Target 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination.
– Target 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management.
– Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries.
3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?
The article mentions indicators that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets:
– Levels of air pollution and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in European regions.
– Percentage of European population living in areas exceeding recommended levels of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide).
– Compound air pollution events and associated unclean days in Europe.
The article provides information on the levels of air pollution, the percentage of the population living in areas with unhealthy levels of pollutants, and the presence of compound air pollution events. These indicators can be used to measure progress towards reducing deaths and illnesses from pollution, improving air quality in cities, and strengthening resilience to climate-related hazards.
4. Table: SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
| SDGs | Targets | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being | Target 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination. | Levels of air pollution and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in European regions. |
| SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities | Target 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management. | Percentage of European population living in areas exceeding recommended levels of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide). |
| SDG 13: Climate Action | Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries. | Compound air pollution events and associated unclean days in Europe. |
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Source: theguardian.com
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