Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary: Accessible Lavatories on Single-Aisle Aircraft

B-335499

August 15, 2023

The Honorable Maria Cantwell
Chair
The Honorable Ted Cruz
Ranking Member
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
United States Senate

The Honorable Sam Graves
Chairman
The Honorable Rick Larsen
Ranking Member
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
House of Representatives

Subject: Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary: Accessible Lavatories on Single-Aisle Aircraft

Pursuant to section 801(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, this is our report on a major rule promulgated by the Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary (DOT) titled “Accessible Lavatories on Single-Aisle Aircraft” (RIN: 2105-AE89). We received the rule on August 2, 2023. It was published in the Federal Register as a final rule on August 1, 2023. 88 Fed. Reg. 50020. The effective date is October 2, 2023.

According to DOT, it is issuing a final rule to amend its Air Carrier Access Act regulation to improve the accessibility of lavatories on single-aisle aircraft. See Pub. L. No. 99-435, 100 Stat. 1080 (Oct. 2, 1986). DOT stated that this final rule is intended to ensure that our air transportation system is safe and accessible to individuals with disabilities.

Enclosed is our assessment of DOT’s compliance with the procedural steps required by section 801(a)(1)(B)(i) through (iv) of title 5 with respect to the rule. If you have any questions about this report or wish to contact GAO officials responsible for the evaluation work relating to the subject matter of the rule, please contact Shari Brewster, Assistant General Counsel, at (202) 512-6398.

Shirley A. Jones
Managing Associate General Counsel

Enclosure

cc: Robert M. Gorman
Senior Trial Attorney
Department of Transportation

ENCLOSURE

REPORT UNDER 5 U.S.C. § 801(a)(2)(A) ON A MAJOR RULE
ISSUED BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION,
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
TITLED
“ACCESSIBLE LAVATORIES ON SINGLE-AISLE AIRCRAFT”
(RIN: 2105-AE89)

(i) Cost-benefit analysis

The Department of Transportation, Office of the Secretary (DOT) provided an economic analysis for this final rule. DOT estimates the benefits over 2023 through 2067 to be $1 billion at a 3 percent discount rate or $571 million at a 7 percent discount rate. DOT stated that the loss of three passenger seats per aircraft results in societal costs that include lost producer surplus due to the reduction in the number of passengers transported and the value of lost consumption. DOT also stated that there also are resource costs due to manufacturing and designing improved lavatories and on-board wheelchairs as well as for flight attendant training. DOT estimates the cost analyzed over 2023 through 2067, to be $459 million at a 3 percent discount rate or $228 million at a 7 percent discount rate. DOT noted that the rule also could result in a transfer from passengers to airlines due to airlines increasing airfares in response to the reduced supply of seats. Lastly, DOT stated that the annualized transfers estimated for the primary analysis are $2.2 billion at a 3 percent discount rate or $1.1 billion at a 7 percent discount rate.

(ii) Agency actions relevant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), 5 U.S.C. §§ 603–605, 607, and 609

DOT certified that this final rule will not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.

(iii) Agency actions relevant to sections 202–205 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, 2 U.S.C. §§ 1532–1535

DOT stated that the final rule is unlikely to result in annual expenditures by state, local, or tribal governments of $165 million ($100 million, adjusted for inflation) or more. However, DOT estimated that the final rule could result in costs to the airline industry that may exceed $165 million annually.

(iv) Other relevant information or requirements under acts and executive orders

Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.

On January 2, 2020, DOT published a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) relating to short‑term improvements. 85 Fed. Reg. 27 (NPRM Part 1). DOT stated that it received 336 comments on NPRM Part 1 during the original comment period. On December 16, 2021, DOT and the Architectural Transportation Barriers and Compliance Board held a joint public meeting. DOT stated, as a result of the public meeting, it reopened the comment period for NPRM Part 1. DOT noted that it received 12 comments from individuals and stakeholders during this period. On March 28, 2022, the Department issued an NPRM regarding long-term accessibility improvements. 87 Fed. Reg. 17215 (NPRM Part 2). DOT addressed comments from NPRM Parts 1 and 2 and the public meeting throughout the section-by-section analysis of the final rule.

Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. §§ 3501–3520

DOT stated that it has not yet published a notice of the proposed information collection because the information will not be required until three years after the effective date of the final rule.

Statutory authorization for the rule

DOT promulgated this final rule pursuant to sections 41702, 41705, 41712, and 41310 of title 49, United States Code.

Executive Order No. 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review)

DOT determined that this final rule is economically significant under the Order,

SDGs, Targets, and Indicators Analysis

1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?

• SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
• SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities
• SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

The article discusses the Department of Transportation’s final rule to improve the accessibility of lavatories on single-aisle aircraft. This directly relates to SDG 3, as it aims to ensure the safety and accessibility of air transportation for individuals with disabilities. It also connects to SDG 10, as it addresses reducing inequalities by improving accessibility for individuals with disabilities. Additionally, it is relevant to SDG 11, as it contributes to creating sustainable cities and communities by promoting inclusive transportation systems.

2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?

• SDG 3.8: Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential healthcare services, and access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.
• SDG 10.2: By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic, and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status.
• SDG 11.2: By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport.

Based on the article’s content, the specific targets that can be identified are SDG 3.8, which aims to achieve universal health coverage and access to safe healthcare services, SDG 10.2, which focuses on promoting the inclusion of individuals with disabilities, and SDG 11.2, which aims to provide accessible and sustainable transport systems for all.

3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?

Yes, there are indicators mentioned in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets:

• Number of single-aisle aircraft equipped with accessible lavatories
• Number of individuals with disabilities benefiting from improved accessibility of lavatories on single-aisle aircraft
• Reduction in barriers faced by individuals with disabilities in accessing air transportation

These indicators can be used to measure the progress towards achieving universal health coverage, promoting social inclusion, and providing accessible and sustainable transport systems for all.

Table: SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

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Source: gao.gov

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