Explaining the U-curve Trend of Female Labour Force Participation in Bihar
Explaining the U-curve Trend of Female Labour Force Participation ... Economic and Political Weekly
sdgtalks
An Analysis of Bihar’s Declining Female Labour Force Participation
The labour market trends in Bihar have shown a significant decline in female labour force participation, despite the state’s high economic growth in the past 15 years. This report utilizes data from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 61st round (2004–05) and 68th round (2011–12), as well as the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2020, which provides information on the labour force. The data reveals a decline in both the female labour force participation rate (FLFPR) and the female workforce participation rate (FWFPR) between 2004–05 and 2018–19, with a slight increase observed between 2018–19 and 2019–20 in Bihar. The recent PLFS report for urban Bihar in 2022 also indicates an increasing trend in FLFPR/FWFPR.1
FLFPR and FWFPR Trends
Between 2004–05 and 2019–20, the FLFPR increased from 17.8% to 18.5% in urban India, while it declined from 33.3% to 24.7% in rural India. In Bihar, the FLFPR decreased from 6.8% to 6.1% in urban areas and from 13.8% to 6.4% in rural areas (Figure 1). Similarly, the FWFPR increased from 16.6% to 16.8% in urban India, but declined from 32.7% to 24% in rural India during the same period. In Bihar, the FWFPR declined from 6.5% to 5.3% in urban areas and from 13.8% to 6.4% in rural areas (Figure 2, p 40). These trends highlight a larger decline in rural parts of Bihar compared to its urban counterparts. It is worth noting that female engagement in activities such as household chores, which are not captured in labour statistics, may contribute to this discrepancy. However, the decline in FLFPR reflects the reality of Bihar’s labour market outcomes. Notably, Bihar’s FLFPR trend follows a U-shaped curve, with a decline between 2004–05 and 2018–2019, followed by an increasing tendency after 2018–19.
SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
| SDGs | Targets | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| SDG 5: Gender Equality | 5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure, and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
| SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth | 8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
| SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities | 10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage, and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
| SDG 1: No Poverty | 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
| SDG 4: Quality Education | 4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples, and children in vulnerable situations | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?
- SDG 5: Gender Equality
- SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
- SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities
- SDG 1: No Poverty
- SDG 4: Quality Education
2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?
- Target 5.4: Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure, and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate
- Target 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value
- Target 10.4: Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage, and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
- Target 1.3: Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
- Target 4.5: By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples, and children in vulnerable situations
3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?
No, the article does not mention or imply any specific indicators that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets.
4. SDGs, Targets, and Indicators
| SDGs | Targets | Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| SDG 5: Gender Equality | 5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure, and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
| SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth | 8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
| SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities | 10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage, and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
| SDG 1: No Poverty | 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
| SDG 4: Quality Education | 4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples, and children in vulnerable situations | Indicator not mentioned in the article |
Behold! This splendid article springs forth from the wellspring of knowledge, shaped by a wondrous proprietary AI technology that delved into a vast ocean of data, illuminating the path towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Remember that all rights are reserved by SDG Investors LLC, empowering us to champion progress together.
Source: epw.in
Join us, as fellow seekers of change, on a transformative journey at https://sdgtalks.ai/welcome, where you can become a member and actively contribute to shaping a brighter future.
