Inside the slaughterhouse: child labour in the US

A rise in highly systematic, typically immigrant, child labour is being abetted by state legislation in the US, and must be resisted, argues John Clarke

This month, the US Department of Labor (DOL) reached an agreement with Monogram Meat Snacks whereby the company ‘will be fined $30,276 in civil money penalties for employing “at least two 16- and 17-year-old children” at its plant in Chandler, Minnesota.’ This incident is one small example of an appalling growth in child labour throughout the US that has come to light in recent months.

Systemic abuses

The situation is worsening rapidly and the ‘number of minors employed in violation of child labor laws increased 37% in the last year.’ The growth of legal violations of child labour laws and state-level efforts to weaken these protections reflect ‘a coordinated campaign backed by industry groups intent on eventually diluting federal standards that cover the whole country.’

The report sets out some of the more egregious abuses that have been exposed in the recent period. In February, the DOL released some of the findings they had uncovered in an investigation of Packers Sanitation Services, Inc (PSSI). These showed the illegal employment of ‘over 100 children between the ages of 13 and 17 in hazardous occupations at 13 meatpacking facilities owned by JBS, Cargill, Tyson, and others.’

The investigation showed that these ‘children worked illegally on overnight shifts cleaning razor-sharp saws and other high-risk equipment on slaughterhouse kill floors. At least three of them suffered injuries, including burns from caustic cleaning chemicals.’ A parallel investigation by the Department of Homeland Security is considering how many of the children were ‘unaccompanied migrant children … connected to illegal employment by traffickers who profited from their labor.’

• ‘Multiple factories in Hyundai-Kia’s supply chain in Alabama are also under DOL investigation for employing children as young as 14.’
• A considerable portion of these children were found to be ‘from Guatemalan migrant families’ and it is clear that an organised system to provide child workers is in operation.
• ‘Like meatpacking plants across the Midwest, many of the Alabama [auto] plants relied on staffing firms to recruit low-wage assembly line workers.’

The report is very clear that this is not a question of ‘isolated mistakes of ill-informed individual employers’ and it shows that the abuses are occurring in workplaces that are owned by major companies. ‘PSSI, one of the country’s largest food sanitation services companies, is owned by the Blackstone Group, the world’s largest private equity firm.’ Moreover, ‘DOL investigators found PSSI’s use of child labor to be “systemic” across eight states, ‘clearly [indicating] a corporate-wide failure.’

Central to this explosion in the exploitation of children is the fact that ‘unaccompanied migrant youth left in limbo by a broken U.S. immigration system have become particularly vulnerable to exploitation by employers and networks of labor brokers and staffing agencies who recruit workers on their behalf. Nearly 130,000 unaccompanied migrant children arrived at the U.S. border in 2022 alone, many fleeing poverty and violence.’

The supply of migrant child labour is being driven by extreme economic hardship. ‘Both youth and adults awaiting asylum claims processing are ineligible for work permits for many months and cannot access social safety net programs … leaving them impoverished and desperate to accept work of any kind to pay for necessities like food and rent, as well as repay debts to sponsors or help support family members in their countries of origin.’

The Biden administration has established ‘a new interagency task force on the exploitation of child labor’ and has ‘appealed to Congress to increase employer penalties for child labor law violations.’ However, such measures won’t contain the profit-driven appetite for child labour, the desperation of those driven into it, or the readiness of state governments to set children to work.

A bill was introduced in the Iowa Legislature in January to expand the categories of work that could be performed by fourteen and fifteen-year-olds and extend hours of work for them. It even included a provision that would ‘exempt employers from liability if these young workers are sickened, injured or killed on the job.’

Such measures in a range of states have been ‘strongly backed by the National Federation of Independent Business.’ The intention of such employer groups is to create in other sections of the workforce a situation that already exists in US agriculture, where between 300,000 and 500,000 minors are already at work, ‘with 48% of all young workers’ fatalities between 2001 to 2015 occurring in the agriculture industry.’

Return to the past

In 2017, Monthly Labor Review ran an article on the history of child labour in the US. It pointed out that there ‘was a time in this country when young children routinely worked legally. As industry grew in the period following the Civil War, children, often as young as 10 years old but sometimes much younger, labored. They worked not only in industrial settings but also in retail stores, on the streets, on farms, and in home-based industries.’

Child labour was, of course, a major part of the intense exploitation that marked the industrial revolution. Putting children to work provided an extremely low-paid and relatively powerless portion of the workforce. It also served as a means of replacing or driving down the wages of adult workers.

In his Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels dealt extensively with these questions, as they played out in Manchester during the 1840s. In one factory he investigated, adult cotton spinners had actually been forced to accept child wages in order to retain employment (p.107).

The proliferation of child labour in the US coincides with a broader attack on workers’ rights and the intensification of levels of exploitation. Already, ‘Americans have it worse than all other developed nations when it comes to benefits for workers

SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?

• SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
• SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities
• SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?

• SDG 8.7: Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labor, end modern slavery and human trafficking, and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labor.
• SDG 10.7: Facilitate orderly, safe, regular, and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies.
• SDG 16.2: End abuse, exploitation, trafficking, and all forms of violence against and torture of children.

3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?

• Indicator for SDG 8.7: Number of children engaged in child labor in hazardous work.
• Indicator for SDG 10.7: Number of migrant children engaged in exploitative labor.
• Indicator for SDG 16.2: Number of cases of child labor violations and prosecutions.

4. Table: SDGs, Targets, and Indicators

The article highlights the issues of child labor, particularly among immigrant children, in the US. These issues are connected to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions).

Based on the article’s content, specific targets under these SDGs can be identified. Target 8.7 aims to eradicate forced labor, end modern slavery and human trafficking, and eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Target 10.7 focuses on facilitating safe and responsible migration, including the protection of migrant children from exploitative labor. Target 16.2 aims to end abuse, exploitation, trafficking, and violence against children.

The article mentions indicators that can be used to measure progress towards these targets. For SDG 8.7, the indicator is the number of children engaged in hazardous child labor. For SDG 10.7, the indicator is the number of migrant children engaged in exploitative labor. For SDG 16.2, the indicator is the number of cases of child labor violations and prosecutions.

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Source: counterfire.org

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