Global Gender Equality Status Report: A 2025 Assessment on Sustainable Development Goal 5

Introduction: Persistent Gaps in Achieving SDG 5

In 2025, the global community has not achieved the essential objectives outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5): Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Despite numerous advocacy efforts and policy reforms, significant disparities persist, adversely affecting all genders and impeding progress across the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This report analyzes the multifaceted nature of gender inequality, highlighting its impact on various SDGs and outlining strategic interventions required to accelerate progress.

A narrow focus on women’s issues has historically overlooked the restrictive societal expectations placed on men, which limit their life choices and social roles. Achieving true gender equality, as envisioned by the SDGs, requires dismantling both institutional and socio-cultural barriers that inhibit human potential for everyone. Community participation is identified as a critical component in fostering an environment of dignity, fairness, and equal opportunity for all.

Defining Gender Equality in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals

A precise definition of gender equality is crucial for effective policy implementation. It extends beyond uniformity to encompass the principles of non-discrimination and equal access for all individuals, irrespective of gender identity. This aligns directly with several SDG targets.

• For Women: Equality is fundamental to achieving freedom from all forms of discrimination (SDG 5.1), ensuring full participation in political and public life (SDG 5.5), and securing equal rights to economic resources and opportunities (SDG 5.a). This includes access to quality education (SDG 4) and decent work (SDG 8).
• For Men: Equality entails liberation from restrictive masculine stereotypes that discourage emotional expression and caregiving roles. This supports better health outcomes (SDG 3) and promotes the equal sharing of unpaid care and domestic work (SDG 5.4).

Ultimately, gender equality functions as a catalyst for strengthening social units, fostering sustainable economic growth (SDG 8), and building peaceful and inclusive societies (SDG 16).

Systemic Barriers to Achieving Gender Equality

Socio-Cultural Norms and Stereotypes

Deep-seated social and cultural norms remain a primary obstacle to achieving SDG 5. Gender stereotypes continue to assign traditional roles, with women disproportionately bearing the dual burden of professional work and unpaid domestic labor. Men who engage in caregiving or non-traditional professions often face social stigma. Media portrayals frequently reinforce these norms, limiting aspirations and perpetuating structural inequalities that legal reforms alone cannot overcome.

Workplace and Economic Disparities: A Challenge to SDG 8

Workplace inequality starkly illustrates the failure to meet targets for decent work and economic growth (SDG 8). Key challenges projected for 2025 include:

• The Gender Pay Gap: The International Labour Organisation forecasts that women will earn 20% less than men for work of equal value, directly contravening SDG Target 8.5.
• Leadership Disparity: Women are expected to occupy only 32% of management roles, falling short of SDG Target 5.5, which calls for equal opportunities for leadership.
• Parental Leave Imbalances: Inadequate paternity leave and inflexible work arrangements discourage men from participating in childcare, reinforcing the unequal distribution of caregiving duties (a barrier to SDG 5.4) and limiting women’s economic participation.

Educational Disparities: A Setback for SDG 4

Inequalities in education present a dual challenge to achieving SDG 4 (Quality Education). The nature of these disparities varies globally:

• In regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, cultural constraints, poverty, and early marriage prevent millions of girls from attending school, as estimated by UNESCO.
• Conversely, in many developed nations, boys are observed to be underperforming in literacy and lagging in higher education completion, indicating a “reverse gap” that also requires targeted intervention to ensure inclusive and equitable education for all.

Psychological and Health Impacts: An Obstacle to SDG 3

Rigid gender norms contribute to negative health and well-being outcomes, undermining SDG 3. Women in male-dominated fields often face harassment and heightened scrutiny. Meanwhile, societal pressure on men to suppress emotions is linked by the World Health Organisation to higher suicide rates, a critical concern for SDG Target 3.4, which aims to reduce premature mortality and promote mental health.

Global Progress and Strategic Recommendations

Current Status and Projections

The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2025 indicates that the global gender gap is only 67.2% closed, with projections suggesting it will take over a century to achieve full parity. This timeline is incompatible with the 2030 Agenda and necessitates urgent, coordinated action.

An Action Plan for Accelerating Progress on the SDGs

To overcome these challenges, a unified response incorporating policy reform, cultural transformation, and targeted support systems is required. The following actions are recommended:

1. Policy and Institutional Reform (SDG 16): Governments must enforce equal pay legislation through mandatory compensation transparency and audits. Implementing universal parental leave and investing in affordable public care services will help redistribute caregiving responsibilities more equitably (SDG 5.4).
2. Cultural and Educational Transformation (SDG 4): Media and educational institutions should actively challenge gender stereotypes by promoting diverse role models. Curricula must be reformed to include training on identifying and combating unconscious bias.
3. Corporate Accountability and Action (SDG 8): Employers must establish mentorship programs to advance women into leadership (SDG 5.5), implement robust anti-harassment systems, and offer flexible work arrangements to all employees.
4. Health and Well-being Support (SDG 3): Investment in accessible mental health services is critical. Community-based support networks and public awareness campaigns can help individuals of all genders navigate the psychological pressures imposed by restrictive gender norms.

Conclusion: Gender Equality as a Foundation for Sustainable Development

The pursuit of gender equality is a collective endeavor essential for achieving a just, dignified, and equitable world for all. It is both a moral imperative and a strategic necessity for sustainable development. By dismantling the cultural, economic, and institutional barriers that limit human potential, societies can unlock significant benefits. Achieving SDG 5 will strengthen families, fuel inclusive economic growth (SDG 8), improve health outcomes (SDG 3), and build resilient, compassionate communities, thereby advancing the entire 2030 Agenda.

Analysis of Sustainable Development Goals in the Article

1. Which SDGs are addressed or connected to the issues highlighted in the article?

• SDG 5: Gender Equality

  This is the central theme of the article. It extensively discusses the persistent gaps between men and women, discrimination, social norms, stereotypes, and the need for equal rights, resources, and opportunities for all genders.

• SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

  The article directly addresses workplace inequality, citing the gender pay gap, the underrepresentation of women in management roles, and the lack of policies like paternity leave and flexible work arrangements that affect both men and women.

• SDG 4: Quality Education

  The text highlights educational disparities affecting both genders. It mentions large numbers of girls being kept out of school in certain regions and a “reverse gap” where boys are underperforming in literacy and higher education in others.

• SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being

  The article touches upon the psychological and mental health impacts of gender norms, specifically referencing the World Health Organisation’s data on higher suicide rates among men due to societal pressures to suppress emotions.

2. What specific targets under those SDGs can be identified based on the article’s content?

1. Under SDG 5 (Gender Equality):
   • Target 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere. The article states that a core principle of gender equality is defending “people from discrimination, which stems from their biological or cultural identity” and that women need freedom from discrimination that prevents access to education and employment.
   • Target 5.4: Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies. The article discusses how women “typically bear the responsibility of working outside the home and performing household duties” and how the lack of paternity leave and flexible work options solidifies “the belief that caring for children belongs to women.”
   • Target 5.5: Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership in political, economic and public life. The article directly addresses this by citing a forecast that women “will occupy only 32% of management roles worldwide by 2025.”
2. Under SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth):
   • Target 8.5: By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men… and equal pay for work of equal value. This target is explicitly referenced when the article mentions the International Labour Organisation’s forecast that “women will earn 20% less than men for doing the same work.”
3. Under SDG 4 (Quality Education):
   • Target 4.5: By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable. The article highlights this issue from two perspectives: first, by noting that “poverty, early marriage and cultural constraints keep large numbers of girls out of school” in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and second, by pointing out that in developed countries, “boys underperform in literacy and lag in higher education completion.”
4. Under SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being):
   • Target 3.4: By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. The article connects to this target by discussing psychological pressures, stating that according to the WHO, “men will face higher suicide rates in 2025 because society demands that men hide their emotions as a sign of masculinity.” It also calls for investments in mental health services.

3. Are there any indicators mentioned or implied in the article that can be used to measure progress towards the identified targets?

Yes, the article mentions several specific quantitative and qualitative indicators:

• Indicator for SDG 5 & 8 (Pay Gap & Leadership): The article provides two precise forecasts for 2025 from the International Labour Organisation that serve as direct indicators:
  • The gender pay gap: “women will earn 20% less than men for doing the same work.”
  • Proportion of women in management positions: women “will occupy only 32% of management roles worldwide.”
• Indicator for SDG 5 (Overall Gender Gap): The article cites the “Global Gender Gap Report 2025” from the World Economic Forum, which states that “worldwide gender inequality persists at 67.2%.” This composite index is a key indicator of overall progress.
• Indicator for SDG 4 (Educational Disparities):
  • For girls’ education, it refers to “UNESCO’s 2025 estimates” which “put the figure for out-of-school girls in the hundreds of millions.”
  • For boys’ education, it implies an indicator by describing the trend of “boys underperform[ing] in literacy and lag[ging] in higher education completion.”
• Indicator for SDG 3 (Mental Health): The article uses the suicide rate as an indicator, referencing a projection from the World Health Organisation that “men will face higher suicide rates in 2025.”

4. SDGs, Targets, and Indicators Summary Table

Source: eurasiareview.com